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Asia-Pacific Needs Regional Coop. for Energy Transition

Asia-Pacific region has emerged as an engine for clean energy, both as a manufacturing center for renewable energy technologies and as the leading region for deployment
With 15% of the world’s electricity consumed by lighting, efficient LED lighting technology, which consumes up to 85% less energy,  will make substantial savings.
With 15% of the world’s electricity consumed by lighting, efficient LED lighting technology, which consumes up to 85% less energy,  will make substantial savings.

The Asia-Pacific region is at a turning point in its energy trajectory. The energy solutions that have fuelled growth in the region over the past few decades are no longer compatible with the sustainable development aspirations of our nations and their people. In transitioning to a new era of sustainable energy, policymakers across the region face complex decisions. 

Supplies must be secure and affordable, and they must fill the energy access gap which leaves half a billion people across the region without access to electricity. At the same time mitigating the local impacts of energy generation and use will be vital in resolving problems such as the air pollution choking our cities and the global consequences of greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change. Solutions exist, but only through regional cooperation and integration can Asia and the Pacific transition to sustainable energy in time to meet the ambitious 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Goals, Dr. Shamshad Akhtar* wrote for IPS.

Countries have committed to moving towards a more diverse and low carbon energy mix through the 2030 agenda and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. However, fossil fuels stubbornly remain a major part of the regional energy mix, making up three-quarters of electricity generation. Unless the region’s countries work together to accelerate the incorporation of sustainable energy into their strategies, business-as-usual approaches will result in a continuation of fossil fuel use and associated impacts.

 Trading Resources Necessary

While some countries suffer from energy shortages that limit their economic and social development, others enjoy energy surpluses, such as hydropower and natural gas. Trading these resources through new cross-border power grids, drawing on renewable energy when possible, as well as gas pipeline infrastructure, can open up enormous opportunities for both economic growth and decarbonization.

The energy technology renaissance already underway in some countries is playing a vital role in the transition. New technologies are reducing the cost of clean energy and renewable power. Smart grids and electric vehicles are rapidly gaining market share. Since 2010, the cost of solar power generation has declined by 58%, with the cost of wind power down by one-third. 

The International Renewable Energy Agency projects cost reductions of 59% in solar power and 12% in wind power within 10 years, edging below fossil fuel electricity costs in most Asia-Pacific countries. Advances in long-distance power transmission technologies enable the linking of renewable energy resource-rich areas such as the Gobi Desert, Central Asia and far eastern Russia, with distant population centers. 

Asia-Pacific has emerged as an engine for clean energy, both as a manufacturing center for renewable energy technologies and as the leading region for deployment, with $160 billion invested in renewables in 2015.

 Energy Efficiency Technologies

On the demand side, energy efficiency technologies have an important role to play in the energy transition. Better energy efficiency is a key driver in decoupling energy use and GDP growth in many economies. 

With 15% of the world’s electricity consumed by lighting, efficient LED lighting technology, which consumes up to 85% less energy, will make substantial savings. Energy storage technologies for vehicles and power applications have also leapt ahead, offering flexibility in power usage and balancing variable electricity generation from renewables. Here again, regional cooperation, technology transfer and south-south collaboration will play a vital role in the transition.

Regional cooperation, through sharing of policy experience, building capacity and mobilizing finance can play a significant role in assisting countries to implement their own energy sector reforms and capture the many co-benefits. 

ASEAN, South Asian and Central Asian countries as well as China, Russia and Mongolia are already embracing cross-border energy connectivity. 

Connecting countries, finding regional solutions and promoting regional standards and guidelines has been at the core of the work of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific for the past 70 years. 

* Dr. Shamshad Akhtar is under-aecretary-general of the United Nations and executive aecretary of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.

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