Angela Merkel, Hillary Clinton and Theresa May, there have never been so many experienced and ambitious women in positions of influence, even if they remain heavily outnumbered.
Clinton has already made history by becoming the first female presidential nominee of a major US political party in her bid for the White House in November.
“This is historic. There is no question about that,” said Ester R. Fuchs, professor of public affairs and political science at Columbia University.
Across the Atlantic, ‘Iron Lady’ Margaret Thatcher broke the glass ceiling decades ago when she became British prime minister in 1979, and last month May did it again, AFP reported.
Chancellor Angela Merkel has led Germany since 2005, while South Korea, Chile, Brazil, Bangladesh and Liberia are also led by women—as is the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
But these leaders remain in a minority and their numbers are only gradually increasing.
A study by the Pew Research Center last year found women led only about 10% of UN member states.
“Even while the number of female leaders has more than doubled since 2005, a woman in power is hardly the norm around the world,” it said.
There are regional variations, with Finland, Norway and Iceland well used to female leadership, and South and South-east Asia and South America performing better than elsewhere, according to UN Women, the United Nations body championing gender equality.
Past leaders include Indira Gandhi in India, Benazir Bhutto in Pakistan, and Argentina’s Cristina Kirchner, while Aung San Suu Kyi is currently de facto leader of Myanmar.
But it took until 2005 for Africa to have its first female elected leader, in Liberia’s Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.
At the start of 2015, only 17.7% of all government ministers in the world were female, but it was more than 30% in Cape Verde, Rwanda and South Africa.
In Japan, Yuriko Koike last month became the first female governor of Tokyo, a rare breakthrough in a male-dominated society.
She acknowledged it was a struggle to get where she is, once noting that Japan did not so much have a glass ceiling as a “sheet of steel” that women had to break through.
In Italy, another country where men still hold sway, Virginia Raggi and Chiara Appendino were elected this year as mayors of Rome and Turin respectively.
But Sofia Ventura, professor of political and social sciences at the University of Bologna, said their elections cannot yet be called a turning point.
“We are in a complex phase, with steps forward but strong cultural habits.”
The problem is that “there is a different standard for a woman than there is for a man”, noted Fuchs.
So when will a woman lead the United States?
“In 1937, when Gallup did its first poll on it, only 33% of the country said they would vote for a woman,” Fuchs said. Since 2012 this figure has been 95%.
