Microplastics: Latest Threat to Oceans Worldwide

Plastic, metal, rubber and paper are some of the materials that pollute the world’s oceans, often in the form of soda cans, cigarette butts, plastic bag, bottles and fishing gear.

Environmental and marine science specialists call it “marine debris”, which, simply put, means anything in the ocean that was not put there by nature.

Recently, though, a new type of trash—microplastics—has become a cause for concern among marine researchers and they fear the impact of this type of debris may be especially dire, Physorg reported.

Microplastics are particularly problematic for the planet’s seas since they’re a lot harder to see with the naked eye. Measuring less than five millimeters and often requiring magnifying technology to view, these are particles of broken-down plastic fibers that end up in the ocean. Marine life can easily ingest the particles or mistake them for food.

Sean Anderson, an associate professor of environmental science and resource management at California State University, Channel Islands, leads research on the effects of marine debris on California’s ocean fauna and flora.

“Marine debris is everywhere; it’s on the surface of the ocean, it’s on our beaches and its presence is increasing,” he explains. “We’re seeing more [marine debris] in our oceans now than in the past.”

According to Anderson, microplastics have been found on every beach in the state that has been tested so far.

“This stuff is a sign of the weight of our footprint on our planet,” he says.

If marine organisms consume microplastics, the results could be harmful to the ocean’s ecology, as well as deadly for the organisms, depending on how much is consumed.

“Microfibers and microplastics can displace critters’ natural food and natural behavior,” notes Anderson. “The critter may need to work more and use more energy; it may block their intestinal tracts.”

Krista Kamer, director of the CSU Council on Ocean Affairs, Science & Technology, said trash in the ocean, including significant amounts of microplastics, is a pervasive and significant problem in the waters off California as well as around the world.

“Microplastics are particularly concerning because of their ubiquitous distribution and disastrous impacts on marine life,” she said.

“Plastics have a physical and chemical impact in the marine environment. Researchers have found birds whose stomachs are full of plastic, yet they are starving to death because they are literally full and can’t ingest anything nutritious.”

And the same chemicals in plastics that can leach out and harm people can also affect marine life. These chemicals can then “act like a sponge, soaking up additional pollutants from the surrounding waters, only to leach them back out again, oftentimes into animals that have ingested the plastics”, explains Kamer.

“This leads to accumulation of toxic chemicals in marine life, even in situations where the animals are far from humans.”