With the nuclear talks failing to make significant progress and their deadline one month away, the six major powers seeking a final nuclear deal with Iran have begun discussing whether to again extend the negotiations, the Los Angeles Times on Saturday quoted Western officials as saying.
Officials say they believe a deal is still possible by the November 24 deadline, but recognize that the odds are long and want to avoid a collapse of talks that could heighten tension.
"Our priority is still to work hard and try to reach an agreement," said one Western official, who declined to be identified because of the diplomatic sensitivity of the subject. "But clearly, it would be extremely, extremely challenging."
Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany) have been trying since January to negotiate a deal that would place temporary constraints on Tehran’s nuclear work in exchange for a phasing-out of economic sanctions. The group — Britain, Germany, France, Russia, China and the United States — and the Iranians have made progress in some areas, but have been unable to reach agreement on several core issues.
US officials have insisted that they were not seeking an extension. An official, speaking anonymously, said, “We are focused on achieving a deal by the deadline.”
In July, the group negotiated a four-month extension of the talks, to the current deadline. Paul Richter, writer of the Los Angeles Times’ article, commented that a further extension could be advantageous for the major powers because it could keep in place temporary agreements that have limited Iran’s nuclear activities. For Iran, an extension offers the advantage of continuing a limited easing of economic sanctions and preventing the United States and Europe from adding more.
Agreeing on a new extension could be tricky. Iran could demand significant concessions, such as a further easing of sanctions. There could be resistance from US lawmakers, some of whom contend Iran wants to run out the clock rather than make a deal.
But there has been some softening of opposition to another extension in recent months. Some who have been wary of a deal have indicated that they would prefer a continuation of talks to an overly lenient agreement.
Several senior diplomats, including Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov and Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi, have said an extension was a possibility.
The top American negotiator, Undersecretary of State Wendy Sherman, warned in a speech on Thursday that a breakdown in talks could bring a dangerous escalation from both Tehran and the West.
If talks collapse, “escalation will be the name of the game, on all sides,” she said. “The alternatives (to negotiation) are really quite terrible.”
Some diplomats have talked about an extension of as much as six months. Cliff Kupchan, an Iran specialist and chairman of the Eurasia Group risk-consulting firm, said that if talks are extended, the US congress is not likely to take any action against Iran until at least February, after a new legislative session begins.
Some lawmakers have been preparing to hit Iran with new economic sanctions if the talks end without a deal.
The seven countries remain far from an agreement on the central issue of how much nuclear enrichment capability Iran could retain under the deal. Iran is demanding that it be allowed to retain all current capability — including 9,400 operating centrifuges, used to enrich uranium — and that it be allowed to increase its capacity sharply by 2021. The six major powers want to reduce Iran’s nuclear capacity.
The two sides are also far apart on the issue of how the sanctions would be lifted. Iran wants the US, European and United Nations sanctions lifted immediately and permanently on signing of a deal; the West wants the easing to be gradual and reversible.
