The world’s top development banks pledged on Friday to boost their funding to lessen climate change’s impact, aiming for the goal of $100 billion a year that rich countries have pledged to transfer to developing countries by 2020.
The pledges were made as finance ministers met in Lima less than two months ahead of a climate conference in Paris considered pivotal if the brakes are to be put on global warming, The AP reported.
“This is a positive outcome and I think we can say with some certainty that we will reach the $100 billion commitment” made at 2009 climate talks in Copenhagen, French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius told reporters.
“It is the beginning of what you need, because if the international community doesn’t roll up its sleeves and get to work, this thing is just too big for us,” said Rachel Kyte, the World Bank vice president for climate change.
For the World Bank alone, that will mean boosting climate financing by a third, potentially making $29 billion a year in additional funding available by 2020.
Pledging to essentially double their lending were the smaller Asian, European, African and European multilateral development banks, French finance officials said.
The African Development Bank said it would triple its climate financing to nearly $5 billion a year by 2020.
Countries, including Germany, France, Netherlands, United States, Sweden and Britain, have recently announced higher climate finance.
A report issued this week by the 29-country Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development estimated $62 billion were spent last year, up from $52 billion the previous year. Multilateral development banks account for about 40% of the total.
The charity Oxfam estimates that only about 16% of the total—or $2 billion—are directly invested in helping poor countries hit hardest by global warming cope with extreme weather it is already causing.
“The poorest countries are still being shortchanged,” said Oxfam climate policy expert, Isabel Kreisler.
Most of the money is going to green energy investments for reducing the burning of fossil fuels that cause global warming.
Dealmaker or Breaker
The finance ministers of 20 countries most vulnerable to climate change’s impact held their inaugural meeting in Lima and called on developed countries to boost by 50% the financing for adaptation, which includes everything from building sea walls to more heat-resistant highways to relocating low-lying communities where sea levels are rising.
The countries include the Philippines, Bangladesh, Costa Rica and island nations and are home to nearly 700 million people.
The V-20 ministers also proposed an international financial transaction tax to raise more money for fighting climate change and said they would create a climate risk pooling mechanism to “improve recovery from climate-induced extreme weather events and disasters” through insurance.
“Climate finance is going to be a dealmaker or deal-breaker in Paris, so unless there is a credible roadmap on the table on how these imbalances are going to be addressed, we do see developing countries putting a Paris agreement potentially at risk,” Kreisler said.
“The $100 billion is a very important political commitment that developed countries made in Copenhagen but it’s really the tip of the iceberg,” said Jennifer Morgan of the World Resources Institute. “The real question is about the shifting of the trillions.”
The International Energy Agency has estimated an additional $1.1 trillion will be needed annually through mid-century to keep the global temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius, the goal of international climate negotiations of which Paris will be the 21st round.
“The $100 billion is a political number,” Christiana Figueres, the executive secretary of the UN-run talks. “It was pulled out of a hat. But it must be respected.”
During the annual gathering of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund at which the finance ministers met, the heads of both lenders called for an end to subsidies on fossil fuels, which the IMF says amount to more than $5 trillion a year.
