Economic Reforms Needed to Withstand US Sanctions

What if American sanctions remain in place for the next year? Will their effects be any worse than what was experienced in the past two years? How is it possible to enhance economic stability under sanctions? 
Economic analyst Hamid Azarmand answers these questions in a write-up for the Persian-language weekly Tejarat-e Farda. Excerpts follow:
Iran’s oil exports plummeted after the US sanctions took effect in the fiscal 2018-19, affecting the economy from various angles. 
The decline in production and added value of oil sector were the immediate effects of the drop in oil exports. 
Iran’s economic growth fell to -5% in the fiscal 2018-19 due to the significant role played by oil in Iran’s economy...