The managing director of the International Monetary Fund has warned that she is “on alert” over the shaky foundations underpinning the global economic recovery and called on politicians and central banks to make sure they are doing everything they can to promote sustainable growth.
In an address to Goethe University in Frankfurt, Christine Lagarde said the political and economic establishment will face a crisis of confidence among the general public if it fails to address growing and legitimate concerns about inequality, NewsNow reported.
Lagarde pressured policymakers to avoid temptations to respond to such discontent by pulling up the drawbridge and reverting to protectionism. Instead, she outlined a series of specific policies she wants countries to take.
Solutions for the low growth era included raising the minimum wage in the United States, better training schemes for unemployed young people in the Eurozone and a more vigorous push for diversification among low-income countries and commodities exporters.
“We have made much progress since the great financial crisis. But because growth has been too low for too long, too many people are simply not feeling it.… The good news is that the recovery continues; we have growth; we are not in a crisis. The not-so-good news is that the recovery remains too slow, too fragile, and risks to its durability are increasing,” Lagarde warned.
“Even if inequality on a global, cross-country scale has been declining, it is no wonder that perceptions abound that the cards are stacked against the common man—and woman— in favor of elites,” she added.
Complex Factors
Lagarde, who was recently appointed for a second term as head of the Washington-based IMF, identified a number of risks facing the world economy:
* Advanced economies, she said, are grappling with “longstanding crisis legacies–high debt, low inflation, low investment, low productivity, and, for some, high unemployment.
* Emerging markets, meanwhile, were increasingly vulnerable to global developments, such as “lower commodity prices, higher corporate debt, volatile capital flows and–for some countries–de-risking and reduced bank lending.”
Dealing with such a complex array of factors requires a cooperative response from global policymakers, Lagarde said, with reforms needed in three areas: structural reforms from national governments, more “growth-friendly” fiscal policies, and accommodative monetary policy.
Suggestions
Lagarde, who has restored the reputation of the IMF during the financial crisis and courted strong relationships with the world’s finance ministers, did not hesitate to single out specific measures she thinks individual countries need to take:
* The United States should “boost its labor supply by expanding the earned income tax credit, increasing the federal minimum wage and strengthening family-friendly benefits”.
* The Eurozone should “implement better training and employment-matching policies to help more people find jobs, especially young people”.
* For developing nations, Lagarde said “increased diversification is the name of the game”.
In advanced economies, Lagarde also wants to see higher spending on research and development. If private investment were to increase by two-fifths, the IMF calculates that economies would grow by 5% more over the next decade. Such a policy, the fund believes, would cost “around 0.4% of GDP per year–partly achieved through improved public spending and partly through better-targeted tax incentives.”
However Lagarde stopped short of reiterating a call for “coordinated action” that the fund had made ahead of a recent G20 finance ministers’ meeting in China and which her top deputy, David Lipton, had reiterated just a few weeks ago.
That call had been rejected by some in the G20, including Wolfgang Schauble, the German finance minister, as too alarmist.
The IMF chief risked antagonizing her hosts by saying that some countries “may have room for fiscal expansion”. Canada, which last month unveiled a $46 billion stimulus plan, “stands out as one such country making the most of this space,” she said.
While Schauble wants a balanced budget, deficits of up to 3% of GDP are tolerated under EU rules.
